New Zealand in the 19th Century:Maori-Pakeha contact before 1840
English and Maori words/terms you will encounter in this unit
Acculturation - The modification of the culture of a group or individual as a result of contact with a different culture. Ariki - A top chief - a person other chiefs look up to.
Atua - A supernatural being or object that has some supernatural powers associated with it
Culture - A shared, learned, symbolic system of values, beliefs and attitudes that shapes and influences perception and behavior
Dislocation - An event that results in a displacement or discontinuity
Hahunga - Ceremonies associated with the disposal of the dead. Haka - An energetic dance used by warriors to arouse warlike feelings and frighten an enemy.
Hakari - A celebration feast, usually with very large amounts of food. Hapu - A division of a tribe; sometimes called a sub-tribe
Historiography - The principles, theories, or methodology of scholarly historical research and presentation.
Hongi - Traditional Maori greeting involving the pressing together of noses and the mingling of the breath of the two people.
Hui - A gathering of Maori people for special occasions.
Interdependence - Two or more groups who are mutually reliant on each other Iwi - Tribe/people. Kaitaka - A cloak made of the finest flax, usually with an ornamental border.
Kaitiakitanga - Guardianship (includes caring for resources for other people or future generations).
'Ka kino te pakeha' - 'Bad is the pakeha'; more literally the 'Pakehas are bad news!'
Kaumatua - Elder.
Makutu - A spell or the result of bewitching.
Mana - Status, prestige, standing in the eyes of others. Very special quality associated with leaders and precious objects (taonga)
Mana whenua - Rights to land
Mediator - A person who aims to assist disputants in reaching an agreement Mere - Short, thrusting club. Usually made of bone or greenstone.
Muru - Plunder; attack on another person's property
Pakeha - The Maori term given to white New Zealanders
Pre-emption - A right to buy which is given ahead of others. In the Treaty this right was given to the Crown.
Puriri - A native tree with long and strong trunks, ideal for palisades. Rangitira - well-born, well-bred person; chief, male or female; leader of a tribe
Rangitiratanga - Sovereignty.
Raupatu - Confiscated Land.
Runanga - Tribal council.
Sovereignty - The right to the political control of territory and people. Usually held by a sovereign (ruler).
Tangata Whenua - People of the land.
Taonga - Treasures - including physical, social, cultural.
Tapu - Sacred or under a religious restriction of some kind. An important control on the behaviour of the traditional Maori. Taua - War parties. These became larger and travelled further during the Musket Wars.
Taurekareka - A captive taken in war who was usually made a slave.
Tikanga - Customs.
Tohunga - A person with special skills. Often a kind of priest.
Utu - Return, satisfaction or reply. Often translated as revenge or payback.
Waipai - Good water.
Waipiro - Stinking or smelly water. The term used to describe alcohol by many early Maori who found it distasteful.
Wai tapu - Sacred memories - those things which were precious to the ancestors or tupuna. Whanau - Extended family.
English and Maori words/terms you will encounter in this unit
Acculturation - The modification of the culture of a group or individual as a result of contact with a different culture.
Ariki - A top chief - a person other chiefs look up to.
Atua - A supernatural being or object that has some supernatural powers associated with it
Culture - A shared, learned, symbolic system of values, beliefs and attitudes that shapes and influences perception and behavior
Dislocation - An event that results in a displacement or discontinuity
Hahunga - Ceremonies associated with the disposal of the dead.
Haka - An energetic dance used by warriors to arouse warlike feelings and frighten an enemy.
Hakari - A celebration feast, usually with very large amounts of food.
Hapu - A division of a tribe; sometimes called a sub-tribe
Historiography - The principles, theories, or methodology of scholarly historical research and presentation.
Hongi - Traditional Maori greeting involving the pressing together of noses and the mingling of the breath of the two people.
Hui - A gathering of Maori people for special occasions.
Interdependence - Two or more groups who are mutually reliant on each other
Iwi - Tribe/people.
Kaitaka - A cloak made of the finest flax, usually with an ornamental border.
Kaitiakitanga - Guardianship (includes caring for resources for other people or future generations).
'Ka kino te pakeha' - 'Bad is the pakeha'; more literally the 'Pakehas are bad news!'
Kaumatua - Elder.
Makutu - A spell or the result of bewitching.
Mana - Status, prestige, standing in the eyes of others. Very special quality associated with leaders and precious objects (taonga)
Mana whenua - Rights to land
Mediator - A person who aims to assist disputants in reaching an agreement
Mere - Short, thrusting club. Usually made of bone or greenstone.
Muru - Plunder; attack on another person's property
Pakeha - The Maori term given to white New Zealanders
Pre-emption - A right to buy which is given ahead of others. In the Treaty this right was given to the Crown.
Puriri - A native tree with long and strong trunks, ideal for palisades.
Rangitira - well-born, well-bred person; chief, male or female; leader of a tribe
Rangitiratanga - Sovereignty.
Raupatu - Confiscated Land.
Runanga - Tribal council.
Sovereignty - The right to the political control of territory and people. Usually held by a sovereign (ruler).
Tangata Whenua - People of the land.
Taonga - Treasures - including physical, social, cultural.
Tapu - Sacred or under a religious restriction of some kind. An important control on the behaviour of the traditional Maori.
Taua - War parties. These became larger and travelled further during the Musket Wars.
Taurekareka - A captive taken in war who was usually made a slave.
Tikanga - Customs.
Tohunga - A person with special skills. Often a kind of priest.
Utu - Return, satisfaction or reply. Often translated as revenge or payback.
Waipai - Good water.
Waipiro - Stinking or smelly water. The term used to describe alcohol by many early Maori who found it distasteful.
Wai tapu - Sacred memories - those things which were precious to the ancestors or tupuna.
Whanau - Extended family.